January 14, 2026
Introduction Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard opens with a hauntingly familiar dilemma—imagine losing your family home because you were too sentimental to save it. Written on the brink of revolutionary change in Russia, the play captures a society mourning the loss of its old order. Composed between the 1905 and 1917 revolutions, it foreshadows the decline of the aristocracy and the rise of a new social class. Interestingly, Chekhov described this masterpiece as a comedy, while his director, Konstantin Stanislavski, insisted...
Introduction Mythological and Archetypal Approaches help us understand why we never tire of the same stories—whether it’s Harry Potter, Star Wars, or Greek myths. These tales may seem different on the surface, but they share universal patterns that speak to the human experience. Their...
Introduction The Play of Meanings lies at the centre of modern literary theory, capturing the shift from order to openness in how texts are read and understood. Wilfred L. Guerin’s A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature has long served as a standard...
Introduction Umberto Eco’s The Open Work is one of the most influential critical texts of the twentieth century, redefining how we understand the relationship between an artist, a text, and its audience. While many know Eco as the novelist behind The Name of the...
Introduction Most readers know The Jungle Book from the famous Disney movie. However, Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book is far darker, deeper, and more thought-provoking than its animated version. Kipling wrote it in the 1890s while living in Vermont, USA. Still, the stories draw heavily...
Introduction Ruskin Bond’s The Blue Umbrella captures the charm of the quiet Garhwal hills—where life moves slowly, and every sound echoes through the misty silence. Yet, this serene landscape is suddenly brightened by a flash of blue, a simple umbrella that transforms the...
Introduction Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory helps us understand why characters in literature often behave irrationally. Why does Hamlet hesitate endlessly while Macbeth rushes into murder? Freud’s answer lies in the unconscious mind—a hidden space where suppressed emotions, desires, and fears shape human actions....
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