Introduction Michel Foucault’s Panopticism Have you ever slowed your car down because you saw a traffic camera, even if you weren’t sure it was turned on? That uneasy feeling of being watched captures Michel Foucault’s Panopticism in everyday life. French philosopher Michel Foucault...

Introduction Lost in Translation: The Hidden Art of Literary Interpretation Imagine Michelangelo’s statue of Moses, sprouting horns from a biblical mistranslation of “qeren” as “horn” instead of “ray of light.” Hilarious? Yes. Revealing? Absolutely. We adore world literature gems like Murakami’s...

Introduction Northrop Frye’s Archetypes of Literature: Imagine if every book ever written was just a different version of the same story—myths, novels, and poems recycling timeless patterns. Enter Northrop Frye, the “Linnaeus of Literature,” who classified these patterns like a botanist...

Introduction The Madwoman in the Attic: Why Society Labels Female Rage as Madness Think of the “crazy ex-girlfriend” trope in movies and memes. She’s furious, vengeful, unhinged—always the villain. Why do we slap the “crazy” label on angry women, from pop...

Introduction “Everything is a remix.” Just think of your favourite hip-hop track—Drake sampling older soul hits, or memes like the Distracted Boyfriend that endlessly recycle classic tropes. Movies do it too: The Matrix borrows from Japanese anime and Plato’s cave. These aren’t...