Introduction John Dryden’s Absalom and Achitophel proves that politics never really changes. Ambition, betrayal, and even fake news—Dryden wrote about them in 1681, yet his themes still feel modern today. The poem was composed during the Exclusion Crisis, a time when Parliament sought to exclude James, the Catholic brother of King Charles II, from inheriting the throne. Many politicians and citizens instead backed the king’s illegitimate Protestant son, the Duke of Monmouth, hoping he would continue Protestant rule. In this tense...

Introduction Silence The Court is in Session is Vijay Tendulkar’s most celebrated play, offering a brutal critique of middle-class societal norms. It was first performed in 1967 and later translated from Marathi for a wider Indian and global audience. At first...

Introduction Miguel de Cervantes’ Don Quixote stands as a towering achievement in world literature. It has inspired generations of readers, writers, and thinkers across continents and centuries. For students, scholars, and literature lovers in India and beyond, the story of the delusional knight...

Introduction George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion is more than just a witty social comedy. It is a searing critique of class, language, and gender that continues to resonate across the world. Even today, questions of accent, social mobility, and identity remain deeply relevant. First...

Lewis Caroll’s Alice in Wonderland: Introduction Lewis Caroll’s Alice in Wonderland is more than just a whimsical tale for children. In fact, it is a literary phenomenon that has captivated readers across generations and continents. Since its first publication in 1865,...

Introduction Franz Kafka’s The Trial stands as one of the most haunting and influential novels of the 20th century. From its very first line—Kafka pulls readers into a world where logic falters and justice becomes a shadowy, unreachable concept. This opening immediately...

Introduction Sophocles’ Antigone offers one of the most compelling journeys through Greek tragedy, where private conscience collides head‑on with public law. In this powerful play, the city of Thebes becomes a testing ground for questions that still trouble modern societies. For...
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