December 2, 2025
Introduction “Everything is a remix.” Just think of your favourite hip-hop track—Drake sampling older soul hits, or memes like the Distracted Boyfriend that endlessly recycle classic tropes. Movies do it too: The Matrix borrows from Japanese anime and Plato’s cave. These aren’t copies; they’re fresh spins on the past. This everyday creativity mirrors Julia Kristeva’s intertextuality, a game-changing idea from 1960s literary theory. Julia Kristeva, the Bulgarian-French philosopher, coined intertextuality in her 1969 essay Word, Dialogue and Novel. Her bold...
INTRODUCTION Meena Kandasamy’s poetry is raw, powerful, and unapologetically honest. She writes about caste, language, and identity with a fierce sense of purpose. Her words are not just poems—they are acts of resistance. Kandasamy uses poetry to challenge oppressive systems and...
INTRODUCTION Few stories in Indian literature have captured the suffocating reality of caste oppression as vividly as Bandhu Madhav’s The Poisoned Bread. Bandhu Madhav wrote this Marathi short story in the mid-20th century, and it is not just a narrative—it holds up...
INTRODUCTION EM Forster’s A Passage to India stands as one of the most compelling and enduring novels of the 20th century. It offers a profound exploration of colonial India, cultural divides, and the fragile possibility of friendship across boundaries. Published in...
INTRODUCTION William Shakespeare’s As You Like It is a masterful pastoral comedy. It delicately weaves themes of love, identity, and transformation by contrasting two worlds—the city and the country, the court and the forest. Set at the dawn of the 17th century, the...
INTRODUCTION Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway stands as a towering pinnacle of modernist literature. This novel transcends traditional storytelling by venturing deeply into the intricate web of human consciousness. Published in 1925, it captures a single day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, a...
INTRODUCTION The Jacobean Age (1603–1625) and the Restoration Age (1660–1700) are two monumental periods in English literature, each deeply shaped by the socio-political upheavals of their time and therefore leaving a lasting impact on the trajectory of English letters. Together, they frame a century of dramatic...
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