February 25, 2026
Introduction Raymond Williams: Dominant, Residual and Emergent Cultures Why does reading a Victorian novel feel both incredibly old-fashioned and surprisingly modern at the same time? Because culture is never just one thing—it’s a dynamic battlefield. Enter Raymond Williams, the influential Welsh critic who challenged strict Marxist views. He rejected the idea that the economy dictates everything. Instead, Williams argued that culture is where society’s real struggles unfold. In fact, a literary text acts as a snapshot of this...
Introduction Northrop Frye’s Archetypes of Literature: Imagine if every book ever written was just a different version of the same story—myths, novels, and poems recycling timeless patterns. Enter Northrop Frye, the “Linnaeus of Literature,” who classified these patterns like a botanist...
Introduction The Madwoman in the Attic: Why Society Labels Female Rage as Madness Think of the “crazy ex-girlfriend” trope in movies and memes. She’s furious, vengeful, unhinged—always the villain. Why do we slap the “crazy” label on angry women, from pop...
Introduction “Everything is a remix.” Just think of your favourite hip-hop track—Drake sampling older soul hits, or memes like the Distracted Boyfriend that endlessly recycle classic tropes. Movies do it too: The Matrix borrows from Japanese anime and Plato’s cave. These aren’t...
Introduction “That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall, / Looking as if she were alive.” These haunting opening lines from Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess immediately pull you into a world of aristocratic menace, where a Renaissance duke casually reveals his dark...
Introduction “Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness.” This iconic opening line from John Keats’ Ode to Autumn instantly evokes the rich, hazy beauty of the harvest season. Written in September 1819 after an inspiring walk near Winchester, England, it became Keats’ final...
Introduction “We are not of Alice, nor of thee, nor are we children at all.” This devastating line from Charles Lamb’s Dream Children: A Reverie shatters the fragile illusion of family bliss. However, it captures the essay’s haunting core. Charles Lamb, a lifelong...
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